Kevin Levrone: “Bodybuilding was more dangerous in my era”

The bodybuilding legend says athletes in the 1990s pushed conditioning to dangerous extremes, with ambulances parked outside venues and oxygen tanks backstage

By Gary Chappell

KEVIN LEVRONE believes bodybuilding in the 1990s was more dangerous than it is today – revealing how competitions saw ambulances parked outside and oxygen tanks on site.

The two-time Arnold Classic champion and one of the greatest bodybuilders never to win the Mr Olympia, opened up on the extreme measures athletes used to take in pursuit of conditioning during his era, revealing competitors would collapse backstage, suffer severe cramping and require medical assistance after stepping off stage.

Levrone was speaking at a seminar appearance at Crayford Weights in Kent as part of his UK Together We Rise tour, when asked by FrontDouble about comments by the gym owner Paul Knights that he could still win the Mr Olympia if he competed today.

“When I hear Paul say that [he could probably win the Mr Olympia now], that’s his opinion,” said Levrone. “But when I hear him say that, my brain can’t even process what it would take to be on stage today compared to the guys now.

Kevin Levrone with FrontDouble editor Gary Chappell during the bodybuilding legend's Together We Rise seminar at Crayford Weights in Kent
BRAWN TO BE WILD: Kevin Levrone with FrontDouble editor Gary Chappell during the bodybuilding legend's Together We Rise seminar at Crayford Weights in Kent

“The sport has progressed. The guys are much bigger now. When I was competing at the Olympia, my heaviest was 243 pounds. Today, the average guy is probably walking on stage at 280.”

Yet while modern bodybuilding is often criticised for its emphasis on sheer mass, Levrone believes competitors of his era frequently pushed conditioning to more dangerous extremes.

“If you look at their physiques, I think I was able to walk out on stage at that weight with maybe 2.7 per cent body fat,” he said. “We had more overall conditioning. My face would look like a skeleton – bones sticking out – because all the water was drained out of my body. I only had enough in me to make it through prejudging.”

'We were collapsing backstage'

The American described a backstage environment far removed from what fans see at modern competitions.

Kevin Levrone on stage in his prime

“It wasn’t just me,” he said. “The majority of us were pushing ourselves to the absolute edge. We were collapsing on stage, cramping up badly or being carried off backstage. It was borderline dangerous.

“I remember we had meetings where the officials told us: ‘You guys can’t keep coming out here completely ripped and shredded like that'.

“There were ambulances parked outside and oxygen tanks backstage. Medical people were there for us.”

Levrone also reflected on the deaths of competitors who pushed dehydration and conditioning to dangerous levels.

“There were guys who died,” he said. “One competitor tried to beat me so badly – he stopped drinking water for a whole week, only ate apples and sat in the sauna every day. He dried out his organs.

The late Andreas Munzer

“Andreas Munzer [above] was another. He was so shredded after the Arnold Classic.”

Levrone admitted the physical effects of contest preparation could become frightening.

“My body fat was around 2.7 per cent,” he said. “Sometimes people would talk to me backstage and it would take three or four seconds for my brain to even register what they said. That’s how depleted I was.

“If it wasn’t for Robbie Robinson giving me applesauce, sugar and Coca-Cola backstage, I don’t think I would have made it through.”

Why Kevin Levrone believes bodybuilding is safer today

Despite often being nostalgic about the so-called golden eras of bodybuilding, Levrone believes one major improvement in the modern sport is the reduced emphasis on life-threatening conditioning.

“Thank God that’s not happening today,” he said. “You don’t see guys putting their lives at risk just to win a show. It’s not worth it.

Kevin Levrone's iconic pose

“When I walk backstage these days, the guys are healthy. They’re in a good mood, talking to each other. There are no oxygen tanks or people laid out on the floor.”

The 60-year-old said modern competitors should not feel pressured to sacrifice their long-term health in pursuit of trophies.

“Why kill yourself just for a trophy?” he said. “Let’s be healthy, let’s be happy and let’s make it to the next show.”

The brutal diet that got Kevin Levrone stage ready

Levrone also detailed the brutal approach he personally used during contest preparation at the peak of his career.

“To give you an idea of what I did to get in 100 per cent shape: I’d wake up at 4am and do one-and-a-half to two hours of fasted cardio with nothing in my stomach,” he said.

“For months I’d eat only fish and egg whites – no meat, no chicken. Just fish, rice and broccoli.

“I’d drink only water with lemon for three or four months. Nothing else. Two hours of cardio a day. It was insane.”

He admitted he would never willingly put himself through that level of physical stress again.

“If I had to do today what I did back then, there’s no way in hell I would,” he said. “I was young and a little crazy. I had no son, no real responsibilities, so I didn’t care. Now I think about what’s best for me long-term.”

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Jim Georgiou Q&A: “Without routine, I would fall apart”

Jim Georgiou talks bodybuilding injuries, mentality, routines, sacrifices, social media pressure and why he still trains with the same intensity decades into the sport

By Gary Chappell

JIM GEORGIOU has built a reputation as one of the most recognisable physiques on the UK bodybuilding scene.

The PCA Pro recently added a NABBA Pro Card to his collection and continues to compete at a high level despite injuries, wear and tear and decades in the sport.

In this FrontDouble Q&A, Georgiou discusses bodybuilding, discipline, grief, routines, injuries, social media pressure and why he believes routine is essential to keeping him grounded, ahead of his participation in the PCA Universe this weekend [May 23/24, 2026].

NABBA Pro Jim Georgiou wins NABBA South East

1: What first drew you to bodybuilding?

As a kid I use to watch WWF and seeing the likes of The Ultimate Warrior, Hulk Hogan, Legion of Doom and others like The Warlord, I wanted to be massive and strong like them.
Therefore that naturally made me interested in weight training and bodybuilding. Soon after this, I came across a VHS video of eight-time Mr Olympia Lee Haney – and after watching it I was totally hooked. So I started buying more and than came across Pumping Iron which is the GOAT of all bodybuilding movies.
The Flex mags too. I never missed a copy. I used to read them over and over to learn as much as I could!


2: What’s your 'why'? What keeps you pushing through hard preps and off-seasons?

Pure self satisfaction. I absolutely love the hard work and discipline that goes into it. I need routine. Without routine I would fall apart.


3: How would you describe your relationship with your body today?

Hit and miss. I’m older now. I have lots of wear and tear. It’s not so easy now. I suffer from Carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis in the knees, cartilage damage, which is irreversible. Both my lower pecs have huge muscle deterioration, which in a lot of front shots ruins my look.
Three ruptured discs on the back but I manage all these very well to the point where I’m still able to keep going.
The good points are I’m far more balanced now compared to before and I have some very good attributes, particularly when it comes to muscle mutuality, density and conditioning – especially from the rear.

NABBA Pro Jim Georgiou most muscular

4: Was there a turning point where you started to see yourself as an athlete, not just a gym-goer?

I’ve been an athlete since I was six years old. I used to play football and was very good at it. I was semi-pro level but was never good enough to be a pro footballer. I used to do track and field and participated in the 100m, 200m and 400m. I broke every record in Southgate School in those events.
All these sports certainly contributed to weight training and bodybuilding, as my strength and conditioning was at a good level and only got better and better through lifting weights.


5: What’s something people often misunderstand about you, or about bodybuilding in general?

I’m pretty intimidating to look at and most people are scared to approach me. But when they do they are always surprised to see that I’m actually not like that – but only after training that is.
I absolutely hate people coming up to me when I’m training – and especially in prep. These people genuinely have no idea about competitive bodybuilding. When you see someone like that just let them be and let them do their thing.


6: How do you mentally handle show-day nerves or physique comparisons?

Absolutely never phases me. I never get nervous for a show. I’m so relaxed and chilled.
Also, I don’t look at this person or that person. My only focus was and will always be the best me on stage. You win some, you lose some. That’s bodybuilding.

NABBA Pro Jim Georgiou south east overall winner

7: What does your ideal off-season look like, mentally and physically?

Back in the day, I use to get up to 320-330lbs. That is absolutely not optimal now for me. I stay a little under 300lbs now and that gives me a decent-ish look with blood markers in a decent position and blood pressure at a nice stable level.


8: What sacrifices have you had to make to chase this goal?

Missed a ton of family events and gatherings through my life. A lot of failed relationships. Silly amount of money spent. But on the flip side I’ve made a huge living doing this too and I'm now settled down with someone, as she shares the same passions as I do.


9: If you weren’t bodybuilding, where do you think your focus would be?

I still do security but I would have probably put everything into owning and running my own security firm.

NABBA Pro Jim Georgiou on stage

10: Is there a quote, book, or philosophy you live by – inside or outside of bodybuilding?

Lee Haney
“If you don't train, you won't gain and your body will remain the same.”


11: What’s the hardest thing you’ve ever overcome, in life or in sport?

We’ve all had some tough moments in sports but compared to life that means nothing. I’ve dealt with a lot of grief in life, over the last two years especially.


12: How do you unwind or reset when you’re not training or dieting?

Even in off-season I have a structured diet and eat the same food everyday. I may have an off-plan meal once or twice a week if that. I don’t miss workouts ever so can’t answer that one!

NABBA Pro Jim Georgiou front double bicep

13: How has bodybuilding changed your view of confidence, discipline, or self-worth?

Doing bodybuilding gives you no option other than to be confident and disciplined. I mean, to go on stage with trunks on posing to hundreds of people watching, as well with everything being shared online, you just have to be confident to put it out there. If not then you shouldn’t do this sport. Without discipline you will absolutely never get your best look, because those who fail will most likely fail the diet and cheat most of time. Then wonder why they look how they do on stage – and blame the coach!


14: What is your current training split and why?

Bro split. I’ve done every training split there is a d I get on the best with this one. I like to annihilate each body from all angles and rep ranges.


15: Do you feel pressure to always look a certain way outside of prep?

Absolutely not. Because of instagram, most people want to stay super lean year round and ultimately that hinders you from progressing. I’d rather do what’s needed outside prep to improve for the competitive season, rather than staying super lean year round just to get extra likes on social media.


16: Have your relationships (friends, family, dating) changed because of your lifestyle?

A little. When you are so busy in life you do tend to see, or message friends and family a lot less. However ,they mostly do the same anyway so goes both ways!


17: Can you give us one of your favourite prep meals and one of your favourite off-season meals?

Easy one, favourite prep meal is steak and eggs. Favourite off-season meal is steak & eggs!


18: What’s next for you; as an athlete, as a person, or both?

As an athlete I’ve got a few shows I will doing in the near future, the last show which has been planned from day one is the NPC Italy pro qualifier [European Masters] in November.
I’m also fixing up my new house and it’s a big project. It will take several months before it’s fully finished.
As a person it’s simple, be better than I was yesterday!

Bodybuilder Jim Georgiou and coach Christian Chapman

19: Who inspires you and why? Could be in bodybuilding or beyond.

Oleksandr Usyk. He’s the GOAT. The way he conducts himself in life. Just everything he does, will never be anyone like him!


20: If you could send one message to your younger self, what would it be?

You are going to fail a lot. It’s not a sign to stop, just learn from it and be better.

ALL official NABBA South East images are the copyright of James Lineham Media. These and other images can be purchased by contacting James here: JAMES LINEHAM MEDIA

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The complete guide to peptides in bodybuilding

From semaglutide and tirzepatide to BPC-157, MOTS-C and IGF-1 LR3 – why peptides have become one of the most talked-about areas of modern bodybuilding

By Gary Chappell

Peptides in bodybuilding have become one of the most talked-about areas of performance enhancement in recent years. It sometimes feels like no one got shredded or built muscle before they arrived.

Competitors now use them to improve fat loss, recovery, sleep, and overall physique quality, often alongside, or instead of traditional PEDs.

But what exactly are peptides? Do they actually work? And where do newer compounds such as MOTS-C and SLU-PP-332 fit into the picture?

Guide to peptides in bodybuilding

What are peptides?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids that act as signalling molecules in the body. Instead of directly adding hormones like anabolic steroids peptides, depending on the compound, may help stimulate processes linked to:

The appeal for bodybuilders to use peptides is clear. Peptides are typically used to:

Many athletes see peptides as a more targeted option compared to traditional PEDs, particularly for fat loss, recovery and injury management. Human data remains limited and long-term safety profiles are still largely unknown.

Retatrutide pen

The most common peptides in bodybuilding

Fat loss and appetite control peptides

These GLP-1 (and multi-agonist) drugs have transformed contest prep:

These are the most widely used, but several other compounds are also worth mentioning:

AOD-9604 is also worth a mention. This is an HGH fragment designed specifically for fat breakdown with minimal other effects.

HGH Frag 176-191 is a modified fragment of growth hormone designed specifically to target fat loss with fewer GH-like effects.

Benefits of all: Powerful appetite suppression, easier dieting, significant fat loss, and improved insulin sensitivity. Retatrutide also increases energy expenditure.
Downsides: Muscle flatness if diet isn’t managed, GI side effects and difficulty with carb loading.

CJC-1295 with DAC

Growth hormone secretagogues and direct growth peptides

These increase your body’s own GH output or act downstream:

Potential advantages: Improved recovery, better sleep, fat loss, modest muscle gains and overall recomposition.
Reality check: Milder and slower than pharmaceutical HGH, but very effective when stacked properly.

Recovery and healing peptides

The go-to compounds for injury prevention and repair:

The famous “Wolverine Stack” (BPC-157 + TB-500) is widely praised for getting athletes back to training faster.

MOTS-C peptide

Experimental metabolic compounds and exercise mimetics

This is the so-called cutting-edge shift toward metabolic efficiency:

These compounds focus on optimisation and fat oxidation rather than pure size or hunger suppression. Research into these compounds remains in its early stages, particularly regarding long-term human use.

Do peptides actually work?

Results vary hugely depending on the compound, diet, training, genetics and overall PED use. Some peptides, particularly GLP-1 drugs and GH secretagogues, have substantial real-world feedback behind them. Others remain highly experimental and are driven more by anecdotal reports than robust human research.

Remember, peptides are not magic bullets, but they are excellent tools when combined, as mentioned, with solid training, nutrition and recovery.

This guide reflects the current landscape in bodybuilding as of 2026.

None of the compounds mentioned should be considered risk-free and many remain unapproved for bodybuilding use. Athletes should understand the legal, ethical and health implications before considering any performance-enhancing substance.

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Sasan Heirati wins FIBO 2026: “We’re going back to the Olympia”

Sasan Heirati secured early Mr Olympia qualification with victory at FIBO 2026, declaring ‘it feels unreal’ after his first-place finish in Germany

By Gary Chappell

SASAN HEIRATI has qualified for the Mr Olympia after winning the 2026 FIBO Pro in Germany – securing his place on bodybuilding’s biggest stage far earlier than last season.

Heirati, who qualified for the Olympia in 2025 following a string of strong performances, returned to FIBO this weekend and went one better than last year’s runner-up finish. This time, he took the title.

Footage emerging from the event described the performance as an “absolutely lights-out showing”, as the Briton delivered what many are already calling his best package to date.

Sasan Heirati FIBO 2026 winner bodybuilding Olympia qualification stage Germany

A step forward from 2025

Twelve months ago, Heirati pushed hard but fell just short at FIBO, finishing second. That result formed part of a run that ultimately saw him qualify for the Mr Olympia later in the season.

Now, there is no waiting. No chasing. No near misses. Just qualification, secured in April.

Writing on social media, Heirati said: "We’re going BACK to the OLYMPIA!! First place at FIBO Germany last night and it feels unreal."

Heirati’s rise has been built on steady improvements in condition and presentation, but this showing felt different.

Where previous contests saw him edged out, this time the overall package, size, condition and shape, appeared to land decisively in his favour.

And with qualification already secured, the focus now shifts entirely to refinement.

Sasan Heirati FIBO 2026 winner bodybuilding Olympia qualification stage Germany

Olympia focus begins now

At 39, Heirati has previously suggested his competitive window may be limited. That makes moments like this count even more.

Instead of chasing qualification deep into the season, he now has time – time to improve, time to dial in and time to bring his best possible version to the Olympia stage.

For UK bodybuilding, Heirati’s win adds further strength to an already growing presence at the top level.

With Samson Dauda already established among the elite, Heirati’s continued progression ensures Britain remains firmly in the conversation.

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Drying out: Why bodybuilding’s favourite phrase is mostly a myth

“DRYING OUT ” is one of the most commonly used phrases in bodybuilding, especially during peak week. But the idea that you can simply remove water from under the skin to improve condition is largely a myth — and often misunderstood.

You spend 16 or more weeks getting all the fat off your body, so where is the water now holding in those final few days? If a full, hard, hydrated muscle is 70 per cent water, what are you drying out, exactly? Or do you mean flattening out?

You see, true “drying out” the way most competitors imagine it – selectively pulling water from under the skin while keeping muscles full – is not really possible in the way it is often described.

Muscle is mostly water – and you need it

Skeletal muscle is about 70 per cent water, most of it stored inside the muscle cell along with glycogen. That intracellular water is what gives muscles their hard, round, stage-ready look. Strip it away and you lose fullness fast. That makes you look out of condition.

When competitors aggressively dehydrate, they are not just draining “water under the skin”, they are also flattening the very muscle volume they worked months to build. That is why a truly “dry” muscle (in the literal sense) looks soft and depleted, not granite-hard.

You cannot tell the body to only lose water from beneath the skin. Fluid balance is systemic; dehydrate and you will pull water from everywhere – including inside the muscle cells. In fact, the body's complex monitoring system maintains a 70/30 balance of intracellular/extracellular water all the time. You really cannot cheat the system.

The goal of peak week is not to lower total body water, it is to shift water into the muscle cell. That means:

The only real reason to “dry out”

There is one scenario where pulling a little water can help – if you have “filled to spill” during carb loading. Spillover means excess carbs and water end up outside the muscle cell, softening your look. In that case, strategic fluid or electrolyte manipulation might help move it back.

But here is the truth: in a perfectly executed prep, you could walk into show day drinking normally and still look shredded, vascular, and “dry” – because the water is exactly where it should be.

Peak week should be about managing water distribution, not chasing dehydration. The fuller the muscle cell, the drier you will look – and that comes from smart glycogen loading and electrolyte balance, not from cutting water to a trickle.

PCA Pro and judge Neil Andrews published a social media post on this very subject, which is definitely worth watching HERE.

Dryness is not about how little water you have in your body. It is about how much of it you have got in the right place.

REFERENCES:

  1. Costill DL, et al. "Muscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in man." J Appl Physiol. 1976;40(1):6-11.
  2. Fitts RH. "Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue." Physiol Rev. 1994;74(1):49-94.
  3. Schoenfeld BJ. "The mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training." J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(10):2857-2872.
  4. Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. "Restoration of fluid balance after exercise-induced dehydration." J Appl Physiol. 1998;84(6):1889-1895.
  5. Olsson KE, Saltin B. "Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man." Acta Physiol Scand. 1970;80(1):11-18.

This article forms part of FrontDouble’s health and education coverage, focusing on real-world hormone management in bodybuilding. Visit our Health and Education Hub HERE

Carly Thornton-Davies and Llewellyn Davies qualify for Masters Olympia at Toronto Pro

Carly Thornton-Davies and Llewellyn Davies secured Masters Olympia qualification after winning at the Toronto Pro following a 25,500-mile journey

By Gary Chappell

IT IS said that bodybuilding is the loneliest of sports. But if you have your spouse in tow maybe you really can conquer the world.

As the sun began to set in the leafy Canadian city of Toronto on Sunday evening, a married British couple were emerging as the stars of the weekend. By winning their respective classes at the Toronto Pro in women's Wellness and Men's Classic Physique, the pair secured their place at the Masters Olympia.

By the time they return home, Carly Thornton-Davies and Llewellyn Davies would have flown almost 25,500 miles. To offer some perspective, the earth is 24,901 miles in circumference.

But the biggest journey is yet to come. And it is one they will cherish for ever.

The Masters Olympia will take place in Toyko, Japan, across the weekend of August 9 and 10. And it will mean a further round-trip of almost 12,000 miles. This is bodybuilding on the professional, world stage.

Carly Thornton-Davies Llewellyn Davies Toronto Pro Masters Olympia qualification bodybuilding

Some might consider it third-time lucky for the pair, this being the third competition after shows in Seattle and Miami. But luck would discount the hard graft that has been put it in at the gym, the relentless slog of cardio, the extreme discipline of what must seem now like continuous dieting. Make no mistake, reaching the pinnacle of your sport over the age of 40 has very little to do with luck.

"Mindset of success isn’t always achieving something when you want it," said Carly. "You have to work hard on becoming the character within, in order to be rewarded. I work, I show up and I believe in myself so much that the power that resides within my mind will eventually be displayed."

Llewellyn added: "What a whirlwind the past five weeks have been. We have done three shows in America and Canada and have experienced what it actually takes to make a magnificent obsession become a reality.

"We made a promise to one another and held hands each step of the way. And we refused to take no for an answer. And I can finally say we are coming home as IFBB professional bodybuilding champions and Olympians."

Sasan Heirati Toronto Pro winner bodybuilding Mr Olympia qualification

British success did not there, either. Open bodybuilder Sas Heirati secured his place at the Mr Olympia in Las Vegas in October. He took the Toronto Pro title, beating Regan Grimes, who had pipped him for first at the previous show in California.

Heirati said: "We did it! Finally a win, finally I’m going to the Mr Olympia after taking first place at the Toronto Pro Supershow. It was a pleasure to attend this awesome event. To say it feels unreal would be an understatement.

"I want to say a quick thank you to everyone who’s helped me get this far. We aren't done yet this season."

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Lewis Breed returns to gym after serious car crash injuries

IFBB pro Lewis Breed has returned to training just days after a serious car crash left him with multiple injuries including fractures and internal bleeding

By Gary Chappell

LEWIS BREED is back in the gym just days after suffering serious injuries in a head-on car crash.

What happened to Lewis Breed?

He suffered a number of injuries in the car crash, including, concussion, fracturing his arm in three places, internal bleeding, damage to his kidneys and bladder and needing an operation on his coccyx

Breed, who revealed details of his plan to qualify for the Mr Olympia in an exclusive interview with frontdouble.com two weeks prior to the smash, posted videos of him working out with his hand still in plaster. He said: "First day back in the gym and having a play with what’s manageable. Not training like a lunatic. However, if I didn’t train it would turn me into a lunatic."

Lewis Breed gym training after car crash injury arm in cast bodybuilding recovery

He used cuffs for some cable side lateral raises, saying: "I've never been a fan of cuffs. I like to grip and feel something. But with this we will do some cuff raises and see if it's manageable. See if we can get a good focus on the medial delt."

Breed can also be seen on the pec-deck. He moved the grip away from the hands, placing the bars into the elbow joint. He said: "I'm not putting any pressure on the wrist. I can get a nice squeeze in the pec and get some blood in there. That's all we need to do."

Finally he posted a video of some machine tricep work using the arm on which he has a cast. He said: "That's pretty decent. Because the fracture is on this underside, any pushing there is not going to cause any tension on to this side where the injury is. So that was quite nice, a nice squeeze on that one."

Lewis Breed gym training after car crash injury arm in cast bodybuilding recovery

Breed had planned to compete at the China Open, followed by the Portugal Open in a bid to qualify for this year's Mr Olympia. And during an interview with frontdouble.com prior to the car crash, he gave thanks to his wife Holly for making him the bodybuilder he is today.

Breed had said: "My wife has a massive input. She's more invested in the sport than I am. She invests all of her time, all of her effort, researching everything that I need to be done. I am the bodybuilder I am today – I have gone from amateur, to pro, to top 10, to top six, to top three, because of my wife. Because she's so invested. Every single time I'm on stage, she analyses it. She speaks to the judges and says, 'they said this, this and this'. And we'll spend hours going, 'right, you need to do this, this is how we do it, this is how you apply this etc'. She books all my appointments, she books all my treatments. She tells me where I'm going, what I'm doing."

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Sasan Heirati Vows to qualify for Mr Olympia after second at FIBO

Briton Sasan Heirati promises to reach the Mr Olympia after pushing Andrew Jacked close at FIBO with his best physique to date

By Gary Chappell

SASAN HEIRATI has vowed that he "will qualify for the Mr Olympia this year" after finishing second at FIBO in Germany.

With what many perceive was his best look to date, Heirati pushed eventual winner Andrew Jacked to the limit. It was Heirati's second successive runner-up placing, after he also finished second at the Detroit Pro, missing out to William Bonac.

Writing on social media, Heirati said: "I WILL keep going, I WILL keep improving,and I WILL get to the Mr Olympia THIS year.

"I may not have won FIBO, but I won in many other ways. And I’ve never been more driven to keep climbing. Thank you EVERYONE for the endless support, comments and messages, I’m extremely grateful, I’m going to do my best to get back to you all. But for now it’s time to fly home to my amazing family."

Sasan Heirati FIBO bodybuilding 2025 second place condition physique

The support for Heirati was not in short supply. Reigning Mr Olympia and fellow Brit Samson Dauda said: "Great job brother. Had no doubt you were going to kill it."

Renowned coach and former IFBB Pro Milos Sarcev added: "You earned LOVE and RESPECT from all of us. Keep going. Keep climbing."

While Jacked was clearly the bigger man, Heirati's condition was second to none, particularly his quads. Heirati's shape and aesthetics were also superior to the winner.

In a recent podcast, Heirati hinted that this run could be his last and that he could retire within two years.

He told the Think Big Bodybuilding podcast: "I'm 39 now. And I have seen some aging in certain body parts and some aches and pains. But as a whole, after speaking to Chris [coach, Chris Aceto], I'm at my best, definitely. So for the foreseeable I'm going to try and keep going. Not for too long, because I want to be around for my kids. So I reckon I'll give it the next year or two."

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Bodybuilding Prep Psychology

From BMWs to a brand new Xbox, we examine the psychological aspect of prep spending when approaching competition condition

YES fellow bodybuilders – prep spending is real.

If you have ever reached a certain level of seriously low body fat during prep that you feel an urge to start spending, then fear not. You are not alone.

This week, frontdouble columnist Josh Goold revealed that he had shed more than 43lbs. In fact, he had shed a further few pounds sterling – by buying a new Xbox.

Goold, also an online coach, told frontdouble that one of his clients bought a new BMW M2 during prep.

In fact, the editor of this website can confirm that each of his four cockapoos was bought during a contest prep.

Why bodybuilding prep affects behaviour

It seems that, when competitors reach very low levels of body fat, they may experience psychological changes that influence spending habits:

Bodybuilding prep can be so extreme for some of us that it sparks psychological spending triggers. The extreme focus on physique and the pressures of competition can make competitors more susceptible to making impulsive purchases, especially as they get leaner and the mental and physical demands of prep intensify.

So please tell us in the comments below – what is your biggest prep spend...?

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Peak week bodybuilding: a myth that ruins your physique?

Bodybuilder Ryan Mackins explains why overcomplicating peak week can destroy months of hard work – and why doing less might actually bring your best physique.

BODYBUILDER and online coach Ryan Mackins says when it comes to peak week before a show "less is more" for most people.

Mackins took to instagram recently to explain why he believes most of peak week is just not "worth the reward".

Strom Peak Max peak week

And this week he recorded a short video exclusively for frontdouble.com to explain his thoughts. You can view that at the bottom of this article.

In his social media post, Mackins explained that many of us work hard for months and look great leading up to the show. Then because history says peaking should be done a certain way, we change things and end up looking worse.

He said: "Peaking – the risk is very often not worth the reward. Speak to bodybuilders and they will very often have a story of how they “fucked it” whilst trying something to make their physique “peak”. Usually involving something wacky involving carbs and/or diuretics at the 11th hour.

Ryan Mackins peak week bodybuilding video less is more prep strategy

"I did fuck all for my last show [above]. Is it perfect? Far from it. But taking away the hassle of overthinking that side of things and the worry of having to keep checking if you’ve ruined it or whatever (constantly checking to see if you’ve smoothed over) was a brilliant thing.

"I treated the day like normal. No carb load at all. I just knew that on any given day I looked like this and without trying anything out the ordinary, I had a look that was predictable.

"Every bodybuilder I know and every one you know talks about the carb load into a show, convincing themselves that is going to be the secret to making them look invincible on stage. More often than not it is NOT the case. For a lot of people, less is more."

Watch Ryan Mackins' video explanation below:

Ryan Mackins can be contacted for online coaching by clicking here.

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Off-season cardio for bodybuilding: does it boost muscle gains?

Can cardio actually help you grow? Top coaches are split – from Chris Aceto’s anti-cardio stance to Dorian Yates and Justin Harris using it to boost appetite, fitness and progression

By Gary Chappell

Off-season cardio is one of bodybuilding’s most debated topics. Some of the best coaches in the world argue it kills muscle growth. Others insist it is the key to eating more, recovering better and staying lean while gaining size.

In his book ‘Championship Bodybuilding’ leading coach Chris Aceto says: “No bodybuilder who wishes to gain muscle mass should ever do aerobics in the off-season.”

Granted, the book was first published in 1996 and Aceto’s ‘opinion’ might have changed, but it has had at least 24 printings, with the most recent being 2019.

Remember, Aceto is regarded as one of the best coaches in the business, working with the likes of Britain's Sas Heirati among others.

Chris Aceto bodybuilding coach cardio off season debate

Why Chris Aceto says no to cardio

In his book, Aceto writes: “I don’t like cardio exercise for bodybuilding. When I tell people that at seminars, I usually irritate someone in the audience, who gets angry. 

“They say bodybuilders need to do cardio work for the heart. I disagree. First, a low level of body fat that can be achieved with a good diet and hard weight training is the best preventor of heart disease. 

“Anyone who has heart problems or borderline diabetes knows the first bit of advice the doctor gives is to lose some weight. Body fat plays havoc with your body.

“In my opinion, no bodybuilder who wishes to gain muscle mass should ever do aerobics in the off season. Weight training is an activity that creates an anabolic state. Aerobic training creates a catabolic state.

“Weight training will improve and increase the release of anabolic hormones in the body to support growth, while aerobic training can counteract this by decreasing the output of these hormones.

“A myth in bodybuilding is off-season cardio will stimulate the metabolism. Bodybuilders often do aerobic work in the off-season in the hope of staying leaner. Dead wrong!

bodybuilder off season cardio exercise bike muscle growth

“First, aerobic activity does not burn as many calories as most believe. However, weight training adds muscle to the body, which causes the body to burn more calories even at rest.

“Both weight training and cardio work will stimulate the metabolism for a few hours following a workout.

“However, weight training stimulates muscle breakdown and remodelling. The act of recovery and muscle anabolism, stimulated from hard training, increases the need for calories.”

It is an interesting point. And one that is disputed by many.

Why Dorian Yates used cardio year-round

For example. six-times Mr Olympia Dorian Yates implemented cardio in his off-season. In an article for Muscle & Fitness he once wrote: “I advocate that bodybuilders at all levels initiate an aerobics program, because it has many benefits.

“First, it enhances general cardiovascular fitness and being healthy in heart and lung efficiency is a boon for a competing bodybuilder.

Dorian Yates off season cardio bodybuilding

“Second, this better level of general fitness increases metabolism. This makes your system much more efficient (than would be the case if you were sedentary) at assimilating the heavy protein intake necessary for bodybuilders.

“Third (and the reason I did cardio year-round when I was competing), it increases endurance so that when I launched into my contest-prep period where I started to train faster, I was ready for the pace from a fitness standpoint. The fourth main benefit is that doing cardio all year means you are able to take in a few more calories on a daily basis than would be the case if all you did was lift.

“In the offseason, I completed 30-minute power-walking sessions four times a week, first thing in the morning soon after I awoke and before breakfast. I just drank some water and then off I’d go.

“After having not eaten for 10 hours or so, I was in a low-carb state and, therefore, my body would more readily turn to fat for fuel.

“The pace was brisk, so I was breathing hard quickly. I took long strides and swung my arms to encourage general cardio stimulation.

“Writer Peter McGough once watched me power walking back to my house and he said that with my brisk pace, long strides and swinging arms, plus the fact that I weighed 275lbs, I looked like Frankenstein on speed. Moments like that make it all worthwhile!”

Tim Rosiek NABBA off season cardio

Coach and Class 2 bodybuilder Tim Rosiek believes off-season cardio is person dependent, however, saying: “It all depends on the individual; if they stay lean, then it’s not necessary. But if they’re carb sensitive, then it would be a good shout doing low impact cardio during the off-season.

“For example, I don’t do cardio in the off season mainly because I eat very clean and I’m lucky my genetics let me get away with not putting much fat on.

“But if I was unlucky and laid fat down quickly, I would do walking only, because fat burning requires oxygen and anything requiring more energy would deplete your glycogen and make you tired, which would affect your workout strength – and that is counter-productive to your growing period.”

Can cardio increase appetite and muscle growth?

American coach Justin Harris is a strong advocate of off-season cardio and explains how he uses it to mimic the respiratory strain of a 20-rep set of squats and, despite what Aceto believes, to stimulate appetite.

Harris utilises high intensity interval training for his off-season cardio at just 12 minutes. This takes the form of one minute low intensity, one minute high intensity, which over the duration of the session is considered six sets.

He says: “The harder you push in those high-intensity segments, the deeper into elevated post exercise oxygen consumption [EPOC].

Justin Harris off-season cardio

“Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption [EPOC, informally called afterburn] is a measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity.

“We need to perform in the gym and what is the hardest set in the gym? It is a high rep set of squats; 20 on squats or 12 on deadlifts. You don’t do them very often but when you do, you don’t want your lungs to be the failure point.

“So I have people do one minute hard, one minute light and it’s kind of self-deciding how hard you push because you have to work hard for that minute, but it can’t be so hard that you can’t recover in the next minute.

“I have people do about 12 minutes of that three or four times a week [in the off-season] and that is replacing 20 minutes of pretty decently hard cardio. So we know in the gym that are muscles are the failure point, not our lungs. You’re not progressing if your lungs are the failure point on a set of deadlifts rather than your back.

“But then on top of that, the appetite stimulation is so enormous and it is that which allows people to continue to eat more and more food.

“And no one wants to believe it because everyone who wants to get big thinks cardio is going to do the opposite.

“But in case after case after case, my clients who are religious with that just progress rapidly because we are able to continually add food – and they are doing this thing that’s also helping us keep some of the fat off in the process.”

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Growth Hormone doses: Just how much?

Stories of up to 16iu a day, Dave Palumbo's size 15, 16 and 17 shoes and why today's bodybuilders are leaner but don't look it

How much growth hormone do bodybuilders need is one of the most misunderstood questions in bodybuilding. From low-dose “health” protocols to high-level contest prep use, expectations often don’t match reality. This article breaks down what growth hormone actually does, how it works over time and what bodybuilders can realistically expect.

HOW much growth hormone to take for optimal results is a debate with no ending.

Some say doses of 2iu a day is plenty, others advise to take as much as you can tolerate.

American bodybuilder Paul Barnett is one person very open with his usage.

Recently he revealed on social media that had worked up to 16iu of GH per day.

He told frontdouble.com: “I talk to quite a few pros behind the scenes and the saying I’ve heard a lot is, ‘Take as much as you can afford and tolerate’.

“Until this year the most I ran was 9iu. I’m currently at 16 and I do see a difference in fullness and density.”

One thing he also revealed on his social media posts, however, was his lethargy, writing: “I’m tired all day. Still trying to figure that out.”

Former bodybuilder and coach and host of Rx Muscle, Dave Palumbo, does not see much benefit in running higher doses.

Speaking to frontdouble.com, he said: “I feel 2-4iu per day is deal for maximum muscle growth with least side effects. Length of time on GH is more important than how much you use daily.”

But whether the man himself adhered to such growth hormone doses during his competitive days is another question. Research and you can find a few memories of when he sold his old shoes. They started at size 15, then 16, then 17.

Maybe Palumbo discovered the ‘most side effects’ from higher doses for him was excessive foot growth and that is why he is now advocating lower-dose use. Maybe that will remain a mystery.

There is no one size fits all for growth hormone doses

In reality, how much growth hormone bodybuilders need depends less on the dose itself and more on time, consistency and overall training and diet.

The point is, however, that as usual these things are person dependent. What works for one may not work for another. It is a case of trial and error.

In the case of Barnett, for example, while he might be lethargic on 16iu a day, some might be OK.

On the tiredness issue, coach Justin Harris of Troponin Nutrition and 1st Detachment said: “It’s probably due to insulinogenic nature of IGF-1. Similar to how you feel sleepy after a large high carb meal.”

COMPARISON ROUND: How bodybuilders looked at the 1999 British GP (top) v the 2015 Mr Olympia

One difficulty for people considering their GH dose is often the debate around how bodybuilders looked in the 1990s compared to today.

You will often hear criticism from 90s bodybuilders about the condition of today’s athletes. Dorian Yates, John Hodgson, Flex Wheeler and Rich Gaspari have been particularly vocal about how ‘their day’ showed more granite-like physiques in comparison to today’s line-ups.

Harris says: “Long term high-dose GH use is the reason people think the 90s bodybuilers looked better. Guys today are leaner than they were back then, but the GH thickens skin so much at high doses that, even though everyone is leaner than they used to be, their conditioning doesn’t seem better – and often seems worse.

“It’s understandably hard as an athlete to know that about the 1990s guys and today’s guys and make the decision to use low-dose GH when, for any short-term timeframe, your look will always be better with higher dose GH; rounder muscles, fuller muscles, lower body fat, higher body weight, etc.

“It’s only with long-term use of high doses that the thicker skin, structural changes, reduced glycogen storage (likely due to insulin resistance) etc start to develop and then it’s even harder to go to 2iu GH because you’re losing your look – and dropping the GH dose will only accelerate that.”

Written and edited by Gary Chappell, UK Masters bodybuilder, Personal Trainer, Nutrition Advisor, prep and lifestyle coach and former national newspaper sports journalist.

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